The Best-Armed Pilots: French Special Forces Aviation

“In difficult and often dangerous missions, the pilots of…the 4th RHFS never leave without a real arsenal…an HK automatic pistol and an HK MP7 submachine gun…carrying magazines and grenades…Two weapons hung on the bulletproof vest, and a third, the HK416 assault ‎‎rifle, carried in the cabin. Just in case.” — Frédéric Lert / Aerobuzz.fr‎, April 6, 2014.

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The picturesque, French city of Pau (pronounced “Po”), at the foot of the majestic, snow-capped, Pyrénées Mountains, just 30 miles from the Spanish border, and 57 miles inland from Bayonne and Biarritz on the Atlantic coast, is home for the 4e Régiment d’Hélicoptères des Forces Spéciales (4e RHFS), or 4th Special Forces Helicopter Regiment of the French Army Light Aviation (ALAT) service, under the operational control of the French Special Operations Command (COS) and Army Special Forces Command (CAST.) This elite, army aviation regiment, created in 1993 with the motto of “Nowhere Without Us,” consists of six special operations squadrons (EOSs):

EOS 1 is equipped with 10 AS532UL Cougar utility transports and two older, SA330Ba Puma “Pirate” helicopter gunships, with a pintle-mounted (fixed, bulky, 19A floor-mount system) hand-fired, Nexter M621 20x102mm cannon firing out the right side of the aircraft. It’s non-retractable, however, so the side door must remain open at all times.

EOS 2 has 12 SA342M1 Gazelle light scout helicopters, armed with either four HOT-3 (High-subsonic, Optically-sighted, Tube-launched) anti-tank missiles, as the SA342M1 “Viviane” model, or with one M134D-H 7.62mm Gatling gun on the right side, or one camo-painted, Barrett M82A1 sniper rifle with laser aiming device on a stabilized, pintle mount, as the SA342M1 “Sniper” model.

Insignia — EOS 2 squadron insignia. Photo credit: ALAT.

EOS 3 includes eight EC725AP Caracal (H225M) transport helicopters and two French Air Force EC725R2 Caracal combat search-and-rescue (CSAR) transports. These Caracals are all equipped, since May 2018, with the lightweight, low-recoil, Nexter SH 20 (M621) hand-fired, 20x102mm door cannon on a swiveling, pintle mount that’s fully retractable, and can be either tucked away inside the aircraft and out of sight, or rapidly deployed and ready to fire in only 10 seconds, affectionately known as the Paquet Surprise, or “Surprise Package.” The EC725s can thus present the innocent, non-hostile appearance of unarmed, rescue aircraft when desired, until they begin drawing hostile fire, and then they can shoot back with speed, heavy firepower, and total surprise.

Gunner — French Air Force EC725R2 Caracal gunner with 20mm Nexter SH 20 cannon. Photo credit: Frédéric Lert, for Jane’s Defence Weekly, 2018.

The SH 20 gun system typically fires in eight-round bursts to conserve ammunition, and comes with a special, “Sniper-Shot” function, firing a single, precisely-aimed round, when required. Its super-accurate, Sagem ODIN (made in Paris. Odin was the powerful, one-eyed king of the Norse gods), quick-detachable, computerized sighting system uses thermal imaging for daytime/nighttime operations, has a lead-computing, illuminated, aiming reticle, a laser rangefinder, and it weighs less than three pounds overall.

This 20mm weapon is only 19 percent heavier than a .50-caliber, FN M3M machine gun, but offers about 11 percent greater range (2,200 yards) and 30 percent greater “throw weight” of high-explosive projectiles in any given burst, so it’s a noteworthy improvement in range, accuracy, and firepower.

EOS 4 has five unarmed, ALAT SA330Ba Puma transport helicopters.

EOS 5 is equipped with two French Air Force SA330Ba Puma helicopters.

(EOS 4 and 5 together form the Joint Helicopter Group, located separately at Villacoublay, and directly supporting two major, police, counterterrorist units.)

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EOS 6 (“Vampires”) has eight camouflaged, EC665 Tigre (“Tiger”) HAD attack helicopters, armed with GIAT 30 M781 30x113mm anti-tank cannon and 68mm rockets. In addition, the French Air Force’s 1/67 Helicopter Squadron, with the motto of “Fight and Rescue,” now based at Cazaux, 88 miles to the northwest, along the Atlantic coast, directly supports the Special Forces and operates nine more EC725R2 Caracal transports, also armed with the SH 20 swiveling, cannon system. From 2026 to 2029, all 19 French Caracals in army and air force service will be replaced by 18 brand-new, NH90 Caïman (“Cayman”) TTH Standard 2 helicopters, and the Gazelles will be replaced by the innovative, Airbus H160M Guépard (“Cheetah.”) Also, most French Special Forces helicopter pilots now wear the Thales (British/French) TopOwl helmet-mounted sighting system, since 2024. The 4th Special Forces Helicopter Regiment directly supports the nation’s top two special operations units, the 1st Marine Infantry Paratroopers Regiment (1er RPIMa) at Bayonne, and the 13th Parachute Dragoon Regiment (13e RDP) at Martignas-sur-Jalle, 28 miles inland from Cazaux. These special units are both part of the French Army. The 1er RPIMa, patterned after the British Special Air Service (SAS) commandos and sharing the same motto, “Who Dares, Wins,” is France’s premier counterterrorist unit, also tasked with direct action, special reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, sabotage, hostage rescue, personnel recovery, and other vital missions. The 13e RDP, by comparison, with the motto of “Above and beyond the possible,” is an airborne-capable, special-reconnaissance unit, specially trained for long-range reconnaissance, intelligence collection, often behind enemy lines, and direct action, as required. Separately, the Action Division (DA, or SA) of the French Directorate-General for External Security (DGSE) intelligence service, receives its air support from a French Air Force unit, the Groupe Aérien Mixte 00.056 (GAM 56) “Vaucluse,”, at Évreux-Fauville, primarily equipped with two EC225LP Super Puma and two EC725R2 (H225M) Caracal helicopters, three DHC-6 Twin Otters, and one or two C-160F Transall transport aircraft. These elite units usually wear MultiCam camouflaged uniforms in the field, and red (called amarante, or Amaranth, after the Alizarin shade of the flower), paratrooper berets in garrison. Their primary weapons are the HK416F assault carbine with 10.4-inch or 11-inch barrel, or the FN SCAR-L carbine in 5.56x45mm. Favored submachine guns include the H&K MP5 series (in particular the suppressed and very quiet MP5SD3, as used by the 13e RDP) in 9x19mm, and the still-futuristic FN P90 in 5.7x28mm. The issued handgun was formerly the H&K USP9, but that has recently been replaced by the newer Glock-17FR Gen. 5, issued with Sellier & Bellot (Czech-manufactured) ammunition. The French aircrews of the 4e RHFS are also attired mostly in Multicam uniforms, since about 2014, wear azure-blue (actually, more of a bright, Royal-Blue shade) berets in garrison, Ops Core ballistic helmets while on duty, and hold the rare distinction of being the most heavily-armed pilots in the world, bar none, with the Gazelle scout pilots, in particular, armed with a service pistol and an H&K MP7A1 personal-defense weapon (PDW) clipped to their CIAS ballistic vests, including several spare magazines and two OFX F1 hand grenades, plus an assault carbine inside the cockpit beside them, and a variety of tactical knives. SA342M1 Gazelle scout pilot of the 4e RHFS. Photo credit: Frédéric Lert / Aerobuzz.fr‎, April 6, 2014. While these iconic, 2014 photos above clearly depict MultiCam uniforms, with an H&K USP9 handgun, an MP7A1 PDW in 4.6x30mm, and an HK416F assault carbine, two of these weapons have since changed over time, in the past eight years. The new, standard pistol, since 2020, is the Glock-17FR Gen. 5 in Coyote Brown, held in a Blackhawk T-Series L3D chest holster in Flat Dark Earth. French Army Glock-17FR Gen. 5, with Blackhawk T-Series L3D chest holster. Photo credits: Glock. Likewise, the superb, HK416F carbine has been replaced, since about 2020, within the 4e RHFS by the ultra-compact, B&T (formerly Brügger & Thomet, of Thun, Switzerland) APC556-PDW in 5.56x45mm, an absolutely top-quality weapon, providing the same amount of firepower, but in a weapon that is shorter, handier, and more-compact than an HK416, while hanging low over a pilot’s chest within the tight confines of a helicopter cockpit. It’s actually about 7.5 inches shorter overall, with a collapsing stock, and an 8.74-inch barrel that readily accepts a B&T Rotex-X compact, quick-attaching suppressor that reduces sound by 13 decibels, and eliminates muzzle flash. It also features a two-stage trigger, gas-piston operation, and a hydraulic recoil buffer for improved accuracy and reduced recoil forces. B&T APC556-PDW in 5.56mm, currently used by 4e RHFS aircrews. Photo credit: B&T. Next, we come to the compact, combat/survival knives carried by 4e RHFS aircrews. They have used two very similar designs by Wildsteer, of Roche-la-Molière, 30 miles southwest of Lyons, in southern France. First is the Sherkhan (SHE3113, $186), with 5.31-inch blade, and later, the Blade H-4 (BLA32C, presumably H-4 means “Helicopters-4th regiment,” $233), also with a 5.31-inch, partly-serrated blade as a survival knife. In addition, the 1er RPIMa carries the Wildsteer SAS Dagger ($233) with 5.39-inch, doubled-edged blade, and the 13e RDP uses the Wildsteer Tarasco ($186) with 5.12-inch blade. Wildsteer Sherkhan (top) and very similar Blade H-4 (bottom). Photo credits: Wildsteer. Finally, the French Army adopted a new, folding, field knife in 2018, the Tarrerias-Bonjean (TB, of La Monnerie le Montel, in south-central France, 60 miles west of Lyons) CAC® (Combat, Assistance, Campaign). It’s a lightweight, robust, ambidextrous knife, which can be opened or closed with one hand, with a 3.7-inch blade of Nitrox high-carbon, stainless steel. It also features a corkscrew (hey, it’s French, after all, and they love their wine) and a window breaker. Tarrerias-Bonjean CAC French Army field knife. Photo credit: TB knives. The French Special Forces and 4e RHFS have seen significant peacekeeping and combat action in Afghanistan, Cameroon, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Kosovo, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mali, Syria, and other world hot spots, and are very highly regarded by other NATO and allied special operations forces. They definitely stand out from other units, however, in utilizing the most powerful door guns in the world, and having the very best-armed and best-equipped pilots and aircrews in their very hazardous fields of endeavor. 4e RHFS pilots with MP7A1s and Glocks, 2019. Photo credit: Reddit.