Foreign Policy

Scientists narrow down reentry window for China’s out of control space station: possibly late next week

China’s defunct Tiangong-1 space station’s collision course with earth will see the 18,000 pound structure reenter the atmosphere sometime around April 1st (give or take three days) – but as for where, it’s still too early to tell.

The Tiangong-1 was China’s first prototype space station. Launched in 2011 to serve as both a manned laboratory and as a testbed for orbital docking and rendezvous technologies the Chinese space program was continuing to develop at the time. After a two year operational service life, the Tiangong-1 was originally expected to deorbit in 2013, but remained until March 21st, 2016 when China admitted that they had lost their telemetry link with the space station, though it wasn’t until September of that year that the Chinese government was forced to acknowledge that they had, in fact, lost complete control over the platform.

China’s space-based endeavors, managed by the China National Space Administration, are not a civilian enterprise as seen from NASA, Roscosmos and the European Space Agency. Instead, China’s space program, which is only the third in history to successfully put an astronaut in orbit, can be better characterized as a joint venture between China’s military and their Commission on Science, Technology, and Industry for the National Defense. This distinction makes their program far less transparent than other national programs; hence their reluctance to acknowledge their loss of control of the platform.

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China’s defunct Tiangong-1 space station’s collision course with earth will see the 18,000 pound structure reenter the atmosphere sometime around April 1st (give or take three days) – but as for where, it’s still too early to tell.

The Tiangong-1 was China’s first prototype space station. Launched in 2011 to serve as both a manned laboratory and as a testbed for orbital docking and rendezvous technologies the Chinese space program was continuing to develop at the time. After a two year operational service life, the Tiangong-1 was originally expected to deorbit in 2013, but remained until March 21st, 2016 when China admitted that they had lost their telemetry link with the space station, though it wasn’t until September of that year that the Chinese government was forced to acknowledge that they had, in fact, lost complete control over the platform.

China’s space-based endeavors, managed by the China National Space Administration, are not a civilian enterprise as seen from NASA, Roscosmos and the European Space Agency. Instead, China’s space program, which is only the third in history to successfully put an astronaut in orbit, can be better characterized as a joint venture between China’s military and their Commission on Science, Technology, and Industry for the National Defense. This distinction makes their program far less transparent than other national programs; hence their reluctance to acknowledge their loss of control of the platform.

Had China been able to maintain control over the space station, they could have managed its descent into the earth’s atmosphere, dictating the time and location of reentry. However, without any means to manage the nearly 10 tons of materials, the best scientists can do is throw their best arithmetic at it.

The Tiangong-1 Space Station, courtesy of the China National Space Administration.

While measurements of the degradation of the Tiangong-1’s orbit allows experts to assess a fairly specific date range for the platform’s reentry, determining where it reenters over is a significantly more difficult endeavor. Because of the incredible rates of speed orbiting bodies travel, the space station circles the globe multiple times per day, so without knowing exactly when the station will breach the heat barrier, it’s nearly impossible to know where to expect that breach to occur. Thus far, scientists are only willing to hazard a guess, saying it should land somewhere between 43 degrees North and 43 degrees South latitudes.

“There is a chance that a small amount of Tiangong-1 debris may survive reentry and impact the ground. Should this happen, any surviving debris would fall within a region that is a few hundred kilometers in size and centered along a point on the Earth that the station passes over,” The Aerospace Corporation, a non-profit, federally funded research and development center out of California said in a statement.

The odds that any of the debris from the space station will actually reach the earth’s surface are very low, however, and the odds that the debris may hit a person are even lower. In fact, experts predict your chances of getting hit by a piece of the Tiangong-1 to be around one million times smaller than your chances of winning the Powerball lottery.

Instead, you can probably count yourself as lucky if China’s out-of-control space station deorbits over your head – as it’s sure to put on one hell of a show as it burns up on reentry.

Feature image courtesy of the Associated Press

About Alex Hollings View All Posts

Alex Hollings writes on a breadth of subjects with an emphasis on defense technology, foreign policy, and information warfare. He holds a master's degree in communications from Southern New Hampshire University, as well as a bachelor's degree in Corporate and Organizational Communications from Framingham State University.

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