The Birth of the Beast

They flickered the first ember of this monster in the early 2000s. An earlier attempt—30,000 pounds of precision steel and high explosives—foundered in technical delays. But after the early Afghanistan campaign exposed the weaknesses of American bunker busters when the GBU‑28 and GBU‑37 literally bounced off hardened targets, something snapped in the Pentagon’s mind. We needed more power. Enter the Massive Ordnance Penetrator: officially called the GBU‑57, it is 13.6 tons of fury, measuring over 20 feet long, designed to punch through 200 feet of stone and concrete before erupting in a heart‑stopping, eardrum-bursting explosion. 

Born from a partnership between the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Air Force Research Laboratory, and Boeing, flight‑tests at White Sands from 2008 to 2010 validated the gizmo; four more drops in 2017 sealed its brutal promise  The B‑2 Spirit stealth bomber underwent a $200 million refit so it could lug these titans—two per bird if needed.

And being a soldier at heart and full of dark humor, I love the wordplay the name “MOP” lends itself to.

Let’s see: Mountain Obliteration Package, Ministry of Pulverization, Meatgrinder of Peace, and last but not least, Mullah Obliteration Plan. If you think of any others, share them in the comments.

How It Works – Physics, Fury, and Precision

This isn’t merely a bomb, it’s a geological sledgehammer with GPS (just like your cell phone) and INS (Inertial Navigation System) guidance. A quartet of trapezoidal wings and lattice fins stabilizes the descent. Its smart fuze (thanks to ETR‑IV modernizations) counts layers of rock and void and detonates precisely at the targeted depth. Unlike MOAB‘s deflagration, the MOP digs deep, compresses mountain rock, and then explodes in situ—obliterating subterranean bunkers that mere megatons of nuclear yield would flinch to touch.

The latest iteration, the GBU-57E/B (with “smart fuze”), debuted quietly circa 2016, and fresh updates keep the stockpile sharper than ever. Boeing and USAF continue improving their bunker‑busting vocabulary in the lexicon of kinetic warfare.

B-52 MOP Drop
A B-52 releases a test version of the MOP over White Sands Missile Range in 2009. Image Credit: Department of Defense

Fordow: Mt. Doom Beckons

Here lies the rub: Fordow, Iran’s uranium enrichment site, is carved into Qom’s mountainside—300 ft under reinforced concrete and solid rock, guarded by Russian S‑300s . Israel’s GBU‑28s barely scratch its surface; Fordow remained untouched by Israeli airstrikes on June 13 despite damage at Natanz

Enter Uncle Sam. Only the U.S. has the MOP and B‑2 combo hefty enough to nuke the bunker without nukes. But experts warn: Fordow plunges 80 m deep—possibly beyond MOP’s maximum penetration of ~60 m. Dual, or sacrificial, MOP drops might be needed—yet no one knows if that would fracture the target.