The chain of command is one of the most important concepts of the military, and of any business for that matter. The chain of command is something that I would consider to be the very backbone of the military. Proper use of the chain of command simplifies daily life. It provides both unit and mission structure and delineates responsibilities and tasks down to an actionable level. Simply put, it brings order to chaos.

I’m going to break down how the chain of command not only proves useful within a military unit or branch but also in any company that wishes to be productive and efficient.

A Way to Order Things

Perhaps the most obvious need for a chain of command is that someone has to be the one giving orders. If in battle everyone stands in a circle and yells differing commands at one another, then nothing will be accomplished and the battle will be lost. However, when there is a battlefield general giving orders to his staff and then his staff giving orders to the company commanders and platoon sergeants, then the troops’ only responsibility is to hear the orders and obey them. This greatly alleviates the stress that would otherwise be inappropriately placed on lower-ranking troops.

Consider a 19-year-old working as a barista at Starbucks. However, there is no chain of command not just at his store but at any Starbucks. Who would make hiring decisions, create new official drink flavorings, or ensure payroll was met? What about the bills? How much extra stress would that 19-year-old incur simply from a lack of a proper chain of command or “system?” The answer is, far too much.

I know this example is a bit extreme, but I’m exaggerating to make my point. The first task the chain of command completes is giving life order.

The President Is (and Isn’t) Your Direct Boss

Let’s now look at the chain of command from the macro view. We all know that voters choose a representative of the people as the president of the United States. The president is then tasked with overseeing the entirety of the function of the United States including each military branch of service as the commander in chief.

It would be asinine, though, for the president of the United States to take time out of his schedule to make recruiting callbacks or ensure Platoon 3043 at Recruit Depot San Diego is being trained adequately. It just wouldn’t be a proper use of the president’s time or bandwidth. Regardless of how intelligent someone is (I’m thinking Elon Musk here), even they have a limited amount of bandwidth and time in the day to accomplish tasks. This is why you don’t see Elon Musk on the production line of Tesla ensuring that body panels are straight (maybe then they would be though). But I digress. My point is, regardless of how bright, talented, or charismatic a leader is, everyone has limited time to complete tasks.

The military chain of command helps break down the president’s unimaginable task of running a nation into much more practical, bite-sized pieces. Only then can the tasks be completed and the mission accomplished.

Further, people excel at a variety of things. Some are athletic, others brilliant; some can make rockets, others can take very complex topics and make them understandable for the masses. Or some people have brilliant defensive military minds while others are historians or finance professionals who can help warn of impending collapse. A good leader will find individuals who excel in different fields, mold them into a team, and utilize their strengths to accomplish a given mission.

Now, let’s discuss what the chain of command looks like at the micro-level of the individual Marine.

Let’s go all the way back to boot camp.

“My First General Order Is…”

One of the first things a new recruit learns during boot camp is the “local” chain of command (DI, company commander, etc.) and then the chain of command of the Marine Corps leaders. There’s a good reason why they teach you this first.

We learn that if you need to go somewhere (like the doctor) then you had to first run that up your chain of command. Your direct supervisor would then approve the chit (paper request) and “send it up the chain.” It would travel up until it hit your officer’s desk. Now, here’s where the chain of command becomes very useful. Marines throughout the chain of command, from bottom to top, have the authority to approve specific items.

A Marine needing dental attention, for example, can be approved by his/her direct supervisor (fire team leader, squad leader, platoon Sgt., etc.). The only reason it goes a bit higher than that is so your unit’s boss knows your whereabouts when you’re absent from morning muster. It doesn’t go any higher than your direct supervisor for approval, only for information. You see, there’s this thing when sometimes Marines like to drink a little “kool-aid” and stay out until all hours of the night, totally ignoring the fact they have responsibilities only a few hours later. The officer in charge of the unit needs to know that you’re at dental, not AWOL. So, in short, the chain of command assists in keeping track of a fighting force.

If you’ve made it this far and you’re still wondering how exactly a chain of command works, it’s as simple as you might think. A servicemember has a request (leave/medical/dental/etc.) that they’d like approved. First, they complete a request stating the date(s) and time(s) they’re requesting away from the unit. Then, they submit your request to their direct supervisor who either signs off on it or denies it. If they deny it, the request dies there. If not, it continues up the chain until it reaches the highest person necessary for final approval.

It is very request-dependent, but for most normal requests the highest a chit would have to travel is to the officer in charge of your unit. For something more significant, like a promotion to “upper management” packet or a request for a change of duty station, the request will have to go significantly higher up the chain than is otherwise typical.

A Civilian Equivalent

For civilians who have never served think of it this way: You have a job flipping burgers at your local McDonald’s and you catch a cold. Who do you tell? You tell your direct supervisor, of course. You don’t need to tell them and then inform their boss or call the owner of the company.

Now, in this next example, you are still the 35-year-old burger flipper at the golden arches, but over the weekend you hit a $3 million Powerball and now you want to acquire your own McDonald’s franchise. You could still tell your direct supervisor about your aspirations, but they will no doubt just say something like “what do you want me to do about it. That’s above my pay grade.”

Of course it is.

You would need to submit a franchise application to someone higher up. It would be a waste of your time to submit that paperwork to your local manager; they just don’t have the authority to approve such a request. For this, you would simply let your chain of command know that you’d like to get an audience with the corporate office. They’d agree to the meeting and you’re set. You didn’t skip your local supervisors and you were able to speak to whom you needed.

A chain of command is all about every spoke in the wheel knowing their place and knowing what requests they can approve and what requests need to be carried further up the chain.

A Kink in the Chain

The final piece to consider about the chain of command is that if you feel as though your request hasn’t been properly considered, you are able to skip that link in the chain of command. Yet, let me first say this: if you purposely skip a link in the chain either for no reason at all or because you have a good feeling your supervisor will deny your request, you’re going to get your head ripped off. No, not figuratively; literally.

To be honest, though, that human link that you skipped can make your life pure hell for the foreseeable future. So, although it can be appropriate to skip one (or more) links in specific, unique circumstances, doing so without merit is very bad for your career and more importantly you’ll lose the trust and respect of your superiors.

The appropriate way to talk to someone higher up is to put in a request to your chain of command that you’d like an audience with someone further up. You don’t have to reveal your reason, but you do have to push the request through them to avoid the pitfalls of earlier-said decapitation.

Drinking in Proper Order

The night before writing this piece I spent time at the Staff NCO lounge at 8^th and I Marine Barracks in Washington DC. The who’s who of Marine Corps leadership was there. Among them, the sergeant major of the Marine Corps, the previous two sergeants major, numerous high-ranking Marine officers, the drum major of the president’s own Marine Band, the drum major of the commandant’s own Marine Band, and dozens of sergeants major.

Even as someone who is well-versed in Marine Corps tradition, two major things stood out to me above all else. First, the decorum and camaraderie between Marines of all ranks were incredible to see. Second, there was inside that club a chain of command for the customized pewter heritage mugs the high-ranking staff drank from. If you’re having trouble picturing this, don’t worry, I too was amazed. (You can see the cups in the photo above.)

On the far wall of the room were shelves containing these pewter mugs, arranged in order of authority or chain of command. Since the sergeant major of the Marine Corps is the highest-ranking enlisted person in the Marine Corps, his glass sat atop the bunch. The chain of command is so important within the Marine Corps that even the way Marines drink adheres to it. And for those wondering, yes, they do actually drink out of them. They’re Marines after all so it may just be melted crayon wax that they’re consuming from the mug, but who am I to judge.

To sum it up, the chain of command structure is imperative for any properly functioning business. And for the military, it is absolutely essential. Owners of large companies don’t order toilet paper and Marine PFC’s don’t control the nuclear football. You submit requests to and receive orders from your direct supervisor. Everyone has his or her place, and it is perfect that way.