Why Your Grandparents Once Rendered the Nazi Salute to the American Flag

Why Your Grandparents Once Rendered the Nazi Salute to the American Flag

In a moment that feels ripped from dystopian fiction, American schoolkids in 1940 stood with outstretched arms—Nazi-style—saluting the flag under a Pledge written by a Christian Socialist, in a bizarre collision of patriotism, forgotten history, and unintended symbolism.

How CIA Predecessors Were Assessed and Selected

How CIA Predecessors Were Assessed and Selected

Back in the early days of the OSS, when the stakes were sky-high and the playbook still being written, candidates faced a gauntlet of tests designed to weed out all but the toughest, sharpest minds—because only a ‘PhD who could win a bar fight’ would survive behind enemy lines.