Remembering John Davis: A Medal of Honor Recipient in the Raid on Cienfuegos

In the midst of the Spanish-American War, Gunner’s Mate Third Class John Davis stood tall on board the USS Marblehead, facing a torrent of enemy fire during a crucial operation off the coast of Cienfuegos, Cuba.

John Davis: Life Before Service

John Davis was born on October 28, 1877, in Germany. He later immigrated to the United States, where he joined the Navy and served as a Gunner’s Mate Third Class. Davis was deployed aboard the USS Marblehead (C-11), the last Montgomery-class unprotected cruiser, to fight in the Spanish–American War—a conflict that would shape his military career and leave an indelible mark on his life.

During his deployment aboard USS Marblehead, Davis partook in a vital operation to cut the cable leading from Cienfuegos, Cuba, on May 11, 1898.

The Raid on Cienfuegos

The Battle of Cienfuegos, or the Raid on Cienfuegos, was a crucial engagement during the Spanish-American War. Its objective was to tighten the US Navy’s blockade of Cuba by disrupting Spanish communications through the undersea cables. These cables served as vital links between the Spanish command, Havana, Santiago, and other Caribbean islands.

The raid focused on a key junction near Cienfuegos, where the cables were connected and controlled from a strategically located house. Recognizing that merely destroying the house would have limited impact, the decision was made to grapple and cut the cables, severely impairing Spanish communication and operational capabilities.

Led by Captain Bowman H. McCalla, American forces, including the cruiser USS Marblehead, gunboat USS Nashville, and revenue cutter USS Windom were dispatched for the mission. An hour after the crack of dawn on May 11, the Marblehead and Nashville initiated a fierce bombardment of the cable house, causing it to collapse within minutes.

Following the initial assault, workboats were deployed with minimal crew to minimize casualties. However, their element of surprise was compromised when a Spanish cavalryman spotted the approaching ships en route to the beach.

Rising Amidst Chaos

The raid faced challenges when attempting to cut the second cable due to coral formations and the proximity of Spanish forces. To suppress enemy fire, both warships intensified their bombardment.

During this perilous situation, Davis emerged as an exceptional example of bravery and unwavering composure. With bullets whizzing through the air and the constant threat of danger, the Gunner’s Mate fearlessly carried out his duties, demonstrating extraordinary fortitude in the heat of battle. His actions inspired his fellow crew members, instilling in them a sense of determination and resilience amidst the chaos for which he would be later rewarded.

And so, despite the difficulties, the crew managed to cut the second cable and discovered a third, smaller cable in the process. Regrettably, they were unable to cut the third cable as a significant Spanish contingent arrived, mistaking the raid for a full-scale invasion.

After an intense hour-long firefight, two cables had been successfully severed, significantly hampering Spanish communication. The sailors and Marines then withdrew, leaving the third cable near the shore untouched.

Efforts Didn’t Go Unnoticed

Although not all objectives were achieved, the raid’s success in cutting two cables dealt a significant blow to the Spanish forces. It exemplified the daring and resourcefulness of the American military and contributed to the overall efforts to weaken Spanish control in the region.

Davis was among the 52 sailors and marines who were honored with the highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor, for demonstrating exceptional bravery and composure amidst intense combat situations. Below reads the Gunner’s Mate’s citation:

On board the USS Marblehead, during the operation of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos, Cuba, 11 May 1898. Facing the heavy fire of the enemy, Davis set an example of extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this action.

After the Spanish–American War, Davis’s dedication and skill were recognized, leading to his promotion to Boatswain on May 16, 1904. He further advanced his career and was appointed Chief Boatswain on May 16, 1910.

When World War I engulfed the world, Davis continued to serve his country with distinction. On July 1, 1918, he received a temporary promotion to Lieutenant, reflecting his leadership and exceptional abilities during the war.

After a life dedicated to service, Davis passed away on June 9, 1970, at the age of 92. His contributions and remarkable heroism were recognized with a burial at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia. The war veteran’s resting place stands as a testament to his legacy and the everlasting gratitude of the nation.

The courageous actions of Davis and his fellow comrades in the Raid on Cienfuegos epitomize the gallantry and bravery exhibited by individuals in the midst of their duty. Their unwavering commitment and sacrifices during the Spanish-American War leave a profound legacy in the annals of military history, symbolizing the indomitable spirit and selflessness of those who serve.