In the past 24 hours, the long-simmering tensions between Iran and Israel exploded into open warfare. What began as a massive Israeli air and drone assault on Iranian nuclear and military facilities quickly spiraled into a direct exchange of missile and drone attacks unlike anything we’ve seen before between these two long-time rivals.

Israel struck first on June 13 with what’s being described as its largest-ever offensive against Iranian targets. The attacks reportedly killed dozens of top Iranian military commanders and nuclear scientists. While Tel Aviv’s stated objective was to cripple Iran’s nuclear program, there’s no public indication that Tehran was on the verge of fielding a bomb. That didn’t stop them from hitting back hard.

Late Friday night into Saturday morning, Iran retaliated with a barrage of over 150 ballistic missiles and more than 100 drones aimed at Israeli cities and military sites. Air raid sirens blared across Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, and other population centers. Civilian casualties mounted quickly—two people were killed in Rishon Lezion and another in Ramat Gan. Emergency crews scrambled through debris in neighborhoods hit by falling missiles.

The situation on the ground in Iran was even more severe. Israel’s strikes killed at least 78 people, including high-ranking officials, and injured over 320 others—many of them civilians. A residential tower in Tehran took a direct hit, killing at least 60 people inside. Iran’s response didn’t end with one wave. By Saturday morning, they’d launched three more rounds of attacks. Despite Israel’s air defenses knocking down many incoming threats, plenty got through.

This is no tit-for-tat skirmish. It’s the most intense exchange of firepower between Iran and Israel to date. Both sides are reeling, with civilian areas bearing the brunt of the damage. What’s more, this escalation torpedoed any momentum for renewed nuclear talks between Tehran and Washington. And the longer this goes on, the greater the risk of it spreading beyond these two countries.

The powder keg is lit. All eyes are now on what happens next.