Space Force Ushers in a New Era in Space-Based Warfare

The Space Development Agency (SDA) recently announced the successful initial launch of Tranche 0 (T0) low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites,  marking a milestone in military satellite technology, a new era in space-based warfare. The Space Development Agency, of course, is US Space Force’s direct reporting unit tasked with deploying disruptive space technology.

The initial launch of the first ten of the 28 Tranche 0 LEO satellites of the Proliferated Warfighter Space Architecture (PWSA) was sent into space by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, with the lift-off taking place from the Space Launch Complex at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California last April 2nd.

These satellites will show how low-latency communication links can support the warfighter with a network of integrated capabilities from low-Earth orbits, such as tracking advanced missile threats. (LEO).

The first 10 of the 28 satellites were sent into space by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket with two stages that can be reused. The rocket was launched from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California.

When completed, Tranche 0 will have 20 data transport satellites with optical connections and eight missile warning/missile tracking satellites with optical connections and wide-field-of-view sensors. The second SDA launch of Tranche 0 satellites is scheduled for June this year.

Director Derek Tournear echoed the positive sentiments of the agency with this momentous milestone in US space history.

“This is a major accomplishment SDA and for the Department of Defense as a whole. It shows that our key pillars, proliferation and spiral development, can work for national security space. Through this launch, we’ve demonstrated that SDA can keep a schedule to deliver enhanced capabilities every two years. This revolutionary approach is enabled by the growth in the commercial marketplace, allowing the PWSA to move forward to deliver war-fighting capabilities in each future tranche.”

The launch was supposed to happen on March 30, but it was pushed back to look into technical problems with the launch vehicle. Ten satellites were launched in the recent Tranche 0 Launch: with eight Transport satellites from York Space Systems and two tracking satellites from SpaceX.

A Significant Milestone For The Space Development Agency

The two SpaceX-built satellites that will detect and track ballistic and hypersonic missiles, which can travel and maneuver at Mach 5, and eight spacecraft built by York Space Systems – are equipped with optical links to transfer data from space-based sensors to users on the ground. 

Eight additional spacecraft built by York Space Systems, in addition, will be used for communication purposes to relay data from TLT-0 satellites back down to Earth for further analysis by end users such as military personnel or government agencies.

This launch was an important milestone for SDA, established in 2019 to help the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) build a more resilient space architecture in low Earth orbit — within about 1,200 miles of the planet’s surface.

As stated by Tournear, the launch “marks the beginning of a crucial effort to develop an agile and resilient National Defense Space Architecture.” Analysts observe that this historic launch marks a crucial technological advancement in military defense systems. 

This event has been highly anticipated for many months. It combines powerful technologies such as AI, machine learning, cloud computing, and more into one integrated system designed to protect US borders from threats posed by ballistic missiles or hypersonic weapons. 

By utilizing advanced artificial intelligence technologies such as pattern recognition, computer vision, and deep learning algorithms, this system can identify threats quickly while optimizing resources through its cloud-based platform. 

With all these advancements,  US warfighters will see even faster response times when detecting threats posed by hostile forces against the country’s assets in space.

Major Development in US Defense’s Space Capabilities

The US Government has been investing heavily in space technology to establish greater control over our nation’s security infrastructure in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). With this launch, the government is one step closer to achieving that goal. 

Observers note that by establishing an advanced network of satellites to monitor missile threats from other nations or organizations and providing communication channels between different parts of the world, this mission greatly contributes to the country’s security. 

The successful launch shows how far SpaceX has come since its founding in 2002. 

A little over 18 years later,  SpaceX emerged as one of the world’s most reliable providers of space transportation services — launching dozens of missions for both government and commercial clients alike with an impressive success rate of 98%. 

From deploying cargo resupply missions for NASA to launching military satellites for defense agencies like SDA, SpaceX has proven capable of meeting any challenge set before them — something abundantly clear with this recent significant launch.

Warfighter Immersion Tranche Constellation

SDA’s Tranche 0 Program Director Mike Eppolito pointed out that warfighters will be actively involved in using Tranche 0 satellites, which is why the program is also called the “Warfighter Immersion Tranche.”

“We are demonstrating the core architecture that will evolve in future tranches. The satellites that we have up there, the intent there is to get them in the warfighters’ hands so they can start developing their techniques to be able to use them, to give them the timeline to go through their training and to allow them to start thinking about how they would use the larger constellation once we have it an orbit. So ours is intended to be the demonstration tranche that allows them to sort of get their feet wet and start using the capabilities we’re putting in orbit.”

The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory oversees the ground support for Tranche 0.

Tranche 0 Begins Support For Military Exercises This Summer

Tranche 0 will include 28 satellites in total. Beginning this summer, the constellation will support military exercises and tests, including advanced missile tracking tests.

Defense officials said this would demonstrate the feasibility of latency data connectivity beyond the line of sight targeting, missile warning and missile tracking, on-orbit fusion, and multi-phenomenology ground-based sensor fusion.

Tranche 0 is the SDA’s warfighter immersion tranche, which will host demonstrations and assist operators in understanding how to use space-based capabilities in the future.

Tranche 0 demonstrations will begin once all 28 satellites are in orbit and have completed a calibration period.

“It will take single-digit weeks to get through tests and checkout of the satellites’ initialization and the initial calibration, and that’s when we can start to do the warfighter versions or participate in exercises and things like that,” Tourneau told reporters during a recent briefing.

The SDA has ambitious plans for Tranche 1, which will be the agency’s first mission-capable constellation. Defense officials unveiled these in a statement.

“SDA plans to field the first operational generation of the PWSA, Tranche 1, beginning in late 2024. Tranche 1 will include 126 Transport Layer satellites, 35 Tracking satellites, and 12 tactical demonstration satellites (T1DES). Tranche 1 will be operated by SDA’s groundbreaking space operations centers based heavily on commercial space operations models.”

During the March 29 media briefing, Tournear also said that the agency is still on track to launch Tranche 1 in September 2024, and contractors are undergoing critical design reviews.

The SDA was created in 2019 to build a more resilient space architecture in low Earth orbit — located within about 1,200 miles of the planet’s surface. 

The goal is for this architecture to be used for intelligence gathering, missile defense, and space-based communications networks. 

Analysts observe that with the agency’s successful debut launch, the SDA has taken an essential step towards achieving its objectives.