Ever since Neil Armstrong took that iconic “giant leap for mankind,” the world has been captivated by the sheer audacity and achievement of the Apollo Moon missions. It’s a narrative filled with courage, ingenuity, and raw human spirit. 

Yet, despite the overwhelming evidence supporting the lunar landings, a subset of people doubt the veracity of these events. You are always going to find at least one person to belive some seemingly insane theory. I’ll bet there is at least one old dude out there conviced that moon is made of green cheese. There at lots of people who still believe the world is flat. Some people believe birds aren’t real and function as surveillance drones for the government. Geesh. 

Enter the realm of lunar landing conspiracy theories. It’s a captivating and sometimes confounding world where skeptics, for a plethora of reasons, question the very core of one of humanity’s most monumental accomplishments.

The Apollo 11 crew pictured from left to right: Neil A. Armstrong, commander; Michael Collins, command module pilot; and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot (Wikimedia Commons)

These conspiracy theories have found a broader platform with the rise of the internet and social media rise in recent decades. You might have encountered striking arguments about doctored photos, mysterious shadows, and absent stars. These claims suggest we never left our home planet, let alone set foot on our silvery satellite. 

But what are the roots of these theories? And how do they hold up against the weight of scientific scrutiny?

The Birth of a Conspiracy

It’s surprising to many that doubts about the moon landings began almost upon the Apollo 11 mission completion. The seeds of skepticism emerged in the swirling mix of Cold War tensions, scientific rivalries, and a global audience hungry for drama.

The backdrop was the 1960s, a tumultuous era marked by political upheavals and significant government distrust. Bill Kaysing, often dubbed the father of lunar landing conspiracy theories, published a book in 1976 titled “We Never Went to the Moon: America’s Thirty Billion Dollar Swindle.” It further stoked the fires of disbelief. 

Though widely discredited, his assertions gained traction among those skeptical of the U.S. government’s claims.