British Military Modernization Aligns With US Effort

The following piece, written by Julian Nettlefold, first appeared on Warrior Maven, a Military Content Group member website.

The end of the war in Afghanistan and the subsequent statement by the United States that it is considering its role as the world’s policeman means that the world will initially become a more dangerous place.

Nation-building and large numbers of boots on the ground will be replaced by new doctrines, ideas, training, and deployments to defeat terrorism and other threats. This process has already started with the US using targeted drone strikes in Iraq and Afghanistan on key targets using US or offshore locations.

The use of such tactics is likely to increase and will be extended to precision missile strikes using cruise missiles and, eventually, a whole new range of advanced hypersonic missiles.

As the F-35 is introduced across the world, this will rapidly increase military real-time intelligence gathering techniques and the ability for instant retaliation to attacks, as happened in Afghanistan last month after the Kabul airport bomb.

The use of 24/7 air operations supported by the F-35 to insert Special Forces and other teams will likely increase using V-22 Ospreys, which are capable of flying directly from base to in-country locations without transitioning to tactical transports such as C-130 Hercules. The V-22s will hold fast, heavily armed, light-strike interdiction vehicles with troops equipped with night vision devices, allowing 24/7 operations.

Communication with these teams is crucial. Thus, military commanders in the Land Environment will be enabled by agile Information Communication Services, giving them the ability to make informed and timely decisions. To allow fast-moving, 24/7 international strikes, advanced multidomain communications will be required to link the target area to the Headquarters and/or frontline to ensure that civilian casualties are minimized.

The US, United Kingdom, NATO, Australia, and the European Union have programs in the train to provide the warfighter with 24/7 access to multidomain communications.

The British Army, in particular, is modernizing and transforming to face the challenges in this era of constant competition. In terms of the top three of what’s changed, the British Army is creating a digital backbone to deliver a single information environment.

The British Army is about more persistent engagement to deliver greater anticipation and about delivering an ability to create networked real-time links between any sensor, any decider, and any shooter to harness the pan-domain effect to be delivered into the land environment.

In September, C4ISR & Networks reported that the US withdrawal from Afghanistan prompted Pentagon officials working on the Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2) concept to ask: “Do troops have access to data they need on the ground, absent of an adversary capable of disrupting that access?” The answer was “no.”

“What we learned as a department and the joint force is we’ve grossly underestimated the scope of this problem,” said Brig. Gen. Rob Parker, deputy director of the Joint Chiefs of Staff’s J6 directorate and chairman of the JADC2 Cross-Functional Team. “We have some real work to do on some big challenges that are out there, [such as] getting access to authoritative data sources [and] having the right policy in place to allow us to share that with our partners – not just international partners, but our own federal partners.”

The two-week operation in which the US military evacuated more than 124,000 people provided the Pentagon’s JADC2 leadership with new lessons learned and identified areas in need of improvement. That included ensuring data is populated and easily visible on programs of record.

Data access is central to JADC2, which aims to provide unprecedented amounts of data to warfighters so that they can make informed decisions in battle.

Senior leaders at the Pentagon, starting with Deputy Defense Secretary Kathleen Hicks, are making a major push to ensure the department harnesses its gobs of data to make better decisions.

In the last year, the department released a data strategy, and earlier this year, Hicks published five “data decrees” as the department sought to elevate the importance of data across the force.

The withdrawal from Afghanistan also reinforced the Pentagon’s need to ensure its workforce has the data skills to understand incoming information, produce computer code, and develop algorithms.

Ultimately, the withdrawal has “given us a lot to look at,” Parker said.

“Twelve to 14 days to get your data all together and looking at it may sound very good by traditional bureaucratic measures in the Pentagon, but it’s absolutely failure in the future fight,” he said.

As the department moves forward with JADC2, Parker also said the concept’s implementation plan is under review by senior staff. He added that it’s “weeks away” from being released.

The plan, which is classified, will outline seven minimal viable products that the military needs in order to enable JADC2:

• l A DevSecOps software development environment.
• l Zero-trust cybersecurity.
• l Cloud technology.
• l A transport layer.
• l Identity, credential, and access management, or ICAM.
• l Assault Breaker II (a tool to counter anti-access, area-denial capabilities of adversaries).
• l The mission partner environment.

The mission partner environment – a common platform that allows the US military and allies to share information – will have an initial operating capability within 90 days: one for US Indo-Pacific Command and the other for US Central Command.

Parker said the Defense Information Systems Agency also had a “viable” ICAM solution that could be ready in the next year.

He added that he’s “excited” about the department’s announcement of a new multivendor enterprise cloud capability, the Joint Warfighting Cloud Capability, which is set to replace the controversial Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure cloud. Multivendor cloud capabilities combined with low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are another area in which the JADC2 CFT is interested.

“Some of the partners out there who are putting multi-cloud vendor solutions on some of their early LEO capabilities – we think that not only helps us in terms of moving this data globally at speed with high bandwidth [and] gets after some communication issues, ISR [intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance], PNT [positioning, navigation and timing], but importantly we think that’s going to be a critical step to getting some of the processing at the edge,” Parker said.

Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin signed off on the JADC2 strategy in May 2021, which is also classified. An unclassified version of the strategy was released in March 2022, which you can access here.