Prisoners in Ethiopia have experienced a long history of abuse and mistreatment, and new witness testimony and evidence show the brutal treatment of Tigrayans in Ethiopia to the point where this can be considered genocide.

Tigrayans, an ethnic group that has dominated the Ethiopian government and military for nearly three decades, have been particularly vulnerable to violence and abuse by prison guards.

In 1974, when a Marxist military junta overthrew the government, it intensified the repression. Thousands of people were arrested and held without trial in appalling conditions. In 1977, Amnesty International published a report on prison conditions in Ethiopia, which described torture, lack of food and medical care, and executions.

The Tigrayan ethnic group has played a prominent role in Ethiopian politics and society for centuries. But that changed after Abiy Ahmed was appointed Ethiopia’s prime minister in 2018. Ahmed is from the Oromo ethnic group, the largest in the country. As a result, tensions between the TPLF—the political party associated with the Tigrayan ethnic group—and Ahmed’s government quickly escalated.

Tigray People's Liberation Front
(Source: Paul Kagame/Flickr)

The new prime minister, Abiy Ahmed, from a different ethnic group, has pledged to end discrimination against Tigrayans and other minority groups. However, his relationship with the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the political party that has dominated the Ethiopian government for many years, quickly soured after he took office. Tensions between the two groups led to violence and abuse against Tigrayan prisoners.

The mistreatment of prisoners in Ethiopia is not limited to Tigrayans. According to witnesses, guards have killed imprisoned soldiers in at least seven other locations. In a Washington Post exclusive, these massacres have not been reported previously. All of the victims were members of minority groups persecuted by the Ethiopian government for many years.

In early 2019, soldiers from the TPLF were arrested after they attempted to overthrow the government. The massacre at the camp near Mirab Abaya was the deadliest killing of imprisoned soldiers since the war started, but not the only one. Guards have killed imprisoned soldiers in at least seven other locations, according to witnesses, who were among more than two dozen people interviewed for this story. None of these incidents have been previously reported either.

Then in November 2021, another massacre occurred as the Ethiopian guards gathered Tigrayan prisoners and started shooting them.