For over twenty years, the DoD has been working diligently to upgrade the GPS, which first emerged in the early 1970s, with a military-specific signal called M-code that enhances jam resistance. It is crucial for the three segments, including ground control, space, and user equipment. However, concerns have arisen regarding the ability of the current 24-satellite constellation to meet the accuracy needs of some users.

The current number of satellites in the GPS constellation dates back to its original launch in the late 1970s, reaching full operational capability in the early 1990s. Initially developed for exclusive military use, GPS technology emerged during the space race era. However, in the 1980s, civilians were granted access to this revolutionary technology following an executive order signed by President Ronald Reagan in 1983. The decision to open GPS to civilian use came in the aftermath of a tragic commercial airline incident, highlighting the need for enhanced navigation and safety measures for both military and civilian applications.

M-Code Issues, Upgrade Delays

The GAO claimed that the US Space Force has yet to finalize a new schedule and admitted that additional delays are imminent due to other risks. Still, it may fall short of its performance goals considering the ongoing attempt to upgrade the GPS technology.

Delays in the ground control segment, according to the report findings of GAO, indicate that its delivery schedule has been pushed to at least later this year, emphasizing that the US Space Force’s imperative action to finalize the new timeline and address the risks that may lead to further delays. The space segment, as mentioned, needs to consider adding three satellites in orbit to meet specific user accuracy requirements. Meanwhile, the user equipment segment had tackled the development of the M-code capable Military GPS User Equipment (MGUE) Increment 1.

Accordingly, the device has progressed sufficiently to commence testing and fielding activities on the lead weapon system. As promising as it is for the third segment, GAO remains to highlight the delays and unexpected challenges that may impact the timely capability deployment for specific systems.

Furthermore, the Space Force’s plan to develop a handheld receiver with M-code technology lacks a major committed customer. Without a sound business case, the service branch risks allocating significant resources without guaranteeing benefits for military users.

The GAO stated in its report that it would, nevertheless, diligently continue to monitor the progress of the revised timelines, ensuring accountability and oversight throughout the GPS modernization process. As well as to provide valuable insights and recommendations to address any potential issues or delays that may arise.

To sum it up, GAO’s report underscores the imperative for the US military, specifically the DoD and the Space Force, to thoroughly reassess the requirements for satellites and handheld devices in the ongoing GPS modernization drive. By addressing the underutilization of existing satellites, resolving delays in the ground and user equipment segments, and ensuring consistent system availability, the military can significantly enhance accuracy and meet operational needs. These steps are crucial, particularly in today’s ever-evolving modern warfare landscape, which relies heavily on advanced technology and interconnected systems.

—

You might want to check out Understanding Modern Warfare and add it to your reading list today!