Remembering John Lincoln Clem: The Last Active Civil War Veteran

The Drummer Boy of Chickamauga: Early Life and Determination

Born on August 13, 1851, in Newark, Ohio, John Lincoln Clem’s life would become a remarkable story of courage, determination, and service. While his early years were marked by tragedy, these only fueled a burning desire to contribute to a cause greater than himself.

At the tender age of nine, tragedy struck as his mother was killed in a train accident. Following this loss, Clem’s life took a turbulent turn when his father remarried, prompting young Clem to venture off on his own and seek a purpose in the Union Army, even before he reached the age of ten.

His first attempt to join the army as a drummer boy was met with resistance due to his small stature and young age. But Clem was determined and undeterred. He would go on to earn the nickname “Johnny Shiloh,” a moniker that would forever link him to his indomitable spirit. The defining moment for this nickname came during the Battle of Shiloh when a shell fragment narrowly missed him, leading to the nickname “Johnny Shiloh.”

In his own words, he stated:

“At Shiloh my drum was smashed by a fragment of a shell. They called me ‘Johnny Shiloh’ for a while after that.”

However, Clem’s recollections of his early experiences in the army present an inconsistency regarding his unit’s involvement in the Battle of Shiloh. His narrative suggests his participation with the 22nd Michigan Infantry, but historical records indicate his connection with the 24th Ohio Infantry. Despite this confusion, evidence suggests that Clem’s sister’s account aligns better with historical facts, indicating that he initially joined the 24th Ohio Infantry. This unit’s history places them at the Battle of Shiloh, providing a plausible explanation for Clem’s presence there.

Rising from Private to Sergeant: The Battle of Chickamauga

In 1863, Clem officially joined the army as a private with Company C of the 22nd Michigan Infantry. He quickly became part of the action, serving with the Army of the Cumberland and participating in crucial campaigns such as driving Confederate forces under General Braxton Bragg toward Chattanooga. During this time, he changed his middle name to Lincoln in honor of President Abraham Lincoln and altered the spelling of his last name to Clem (previously “Klem“).

Clem’s defining moment came at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1863. Though the details surrounding his actions were disputed, his bravery and determination were undeniable. The drummer boy reported that he had been separated from his unit and managed to avoid capture by shooting a pursuing Confederate colonel. While official records might not corroborate every aspect of his account, his valor earned him the title “Drummer Boy of Chickamauga.” Following this battle, Clem was reportedly promoted to the rank of sergeant, making him the youngest non-commissioned officer in United States Army history.

Transition to Official Military Service

Upon the conclusion of the Civil War, Clem found that the military had become an integral part of his identity. He navigated the complexities of civilian life and even attempted to secure a spot at the United States Military Academy, although he faced hurdles due to his limited formal education. Nevertheless, President Ulysses S. Grant recognized Clem’s dedication and commissioned him as a 2nd lieutenant in the 24th United States Infantry.

Clem’s military career continued with promotions to 1st lieutenant, captain, and eventually major and lieutenant colonel. During the Spanish-American War, he served as Chief Quartermaster in Puerto Rico and also fulfilled various roles within the Department of Texas and the Philippine Department. He demonstrated his leadership in both domestic and overseas contexts, including organizing relief efforts after the devastating 1906 San Francisco Earthquake.

The Last of an Era: Clem’s Retirement

In 1915, Clem reached the mandatory retirement age of sixty-four after an illustrious career. His retirement marked a significant historical milestone, as he was the last Civil War veteran to remain on active duty with the army. To honor his contributions, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general upon retirement, and a year later, the United States Congress recognized his service by promoting him to major general.

Continuing Impact and Legacy

John Lincoln Clem’s life came to a close on May 13, 1937, in San Antonio, Texas. He had lived a remarkable 85 years, leaving behind a legacy of resilience, bravery, and unyielding dedication to his country. He was laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery with full military honors, a fitting tribute to a man who had embodied the spirit of service from such a young age.

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The story of the badass drummer boy of Chickamauga serves as a testament to the extraordinary achievements that can be accomplished through unwavering determination and a commitment to a higher cause. From his early days as a drummer boy to his role as a major general, Clem’s journey encapsulates the essence of the American spirit and the enduring legacy of those who have contributed to shaping the nation’s history.

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—The Badass Drummer Boy of Chickamauga Who Defied Age and Odds in Service to His Nation